Concord, NH – On Friday, November 21, 2025, a federal district court in New Hampshire ruled in favor of plaintiffs in a case considered to be the first of its kind in the country, League of Women Voters of New Hampshire v. Kramer. The court entered a default judgment against defendant Steve Kramer, who orchestrated and paid for the dissemination of robocalls that used AI to deceive and intimidate voters before the New Hampshire 2024 presidential primary election. The order came in response to a lawsuit filed in March 2024 by the League of Women Voters of New Hampshire (LWVNH), the League of Women Voters (LWV), and three individual voters. The plaintiffs sought a default judgment against Kramer, who never appeared in court. Plaintiffs sued Kramer and three corporate defendants to protect voters from similarly deceptive and intimidating robocall campaigns in the future. The plaintiffs are represented by Free Speech For People (FSFP), Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, and Preti, Flaherty, Beliveau & Pachios, Chartered, LLP.  

“This victory sends a clear message: the right to vote is sacred, and new technology will not be a shield for those who seek to suppress it,” said Liz Tentarelli, president of the League of Women Voters of New Hampshire. “The court’s decision affirms that deceptive, AI-generated robocalls designed to intimidate and confuse voters are a direct assault on our democracy and will not be tolerated. The League of Women Voters of New Hampshire is proud to protect our voters and secure a precedent to safeguard the integrity of elections across the nation.” 

“This ruling establishes a critical precedent against the weaponization of artificial intelligence in elections,” said Caren Short, director of legal and research at the League of Women Voters. “By securing a nationwide injunction against Kramer for these illegal and deceptive AI-spoofed communications, the court has recognized the profound threat that deepfake technology poses to the electoral process. This landmark decision will help ensure the voice on the line is genuine, and voters can cast ballots free of intimidation and fraud.” 

“Artificial intelligence must not be used to intimidate voters, and this case has established critical precedent for challenging voter intimidation schemes using AI technology,” says Courtney Hostetler, Legal Director of Free Speech For People. “In today’s world of rapid technological advancements, the American public should be on guard against such abuses, and stand ready to defend our democracy against bad actors who would use technology to undermine it. Free Speech For People is honored to represent, with our co-counsel, both the national and New Hampshire Leagues of Women Voters and our individual plaintiffs in this important, powerful case.” 

Today’s This ruling enters judgment in favor of the plaintiffs on all four of their claims, confirming that Kramer violated the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, and two state laws governing political messages. It also awards financial damages to three individual voter plaintiffs. Finally, the judgment permanently blocks Kramer from orchestrating a deceptive robocall campaign that intimidates, threatens, or coerces lawfully registered voters to cause them to be fearful or reluctant to vote in any US election and from disseminating misrepresentative AI-generated political robocalls. Because the three corporate defendants settled with plaintiffs earlier this year, the order concludes the case.  

Plaintiffs brought the case in response to a scheme Kramer initiated before the New Hampshire 2024 presidential primary election. The complaint alleged that defendants Steve Kramer and three corporations (Lingo Telecom, Life Corporation, and Voice Broadcasting Corporation) orchestrated and distributed a robocall to thousands of New Hampshire voters, which contained an AI-generated message that mimicked President Biden’s voice and told voters not to vote in the primary election because they needed to “save” their vote for the general election. The robocall also falsely displayed a caller ID number associated with a prominent person in state politics, a process known as “spoofing.” The calls left LWV and LWVNH scrambling to undo the damage of these calls, and left thousands of New Hampshire voters vulnerable to forgoing their right to vote in the primary election. It only took 36 hours for Kramer to create and send these messages, which went out to thousands of voters less than two days before polls opened. 

The message was intimidating and deceptive. In fact, voters can vote in the primary election and in the general election. They do not lose the right to vote in a general election because they have voted in the primary election. Plaintiffs brought the lawsuit to protect voters from robocall-disseminated and AI-generated voter intimidation. The judgment represents a crucial victory for LWV, LWVNH, and voters across the country.  

Read the decision here: Order 

Visit the League’s Legal Center case page here: LWVNH v. Kramer 

Visit the FSFP case page here: LWVNH v. Kramer